COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE METHODOLOGICAL AND CATEGORICAL APPARATUS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Introduction. Project management is a critical discipline essential for the successful execution and completion of projects across various industries. This paper explores the fundamental methodological apparatus like project and project management. The concepts and methodologies of project management, emphasizing the project life cycle, which encompasses initiation, planning, execution, monitoring, and closure phases. The application of techniques such as Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is examined, illustrating their importance in optimizing project timelines and resources. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is highlighted as a vital tool for decomposing projects into manageable sections, facilitating better control and allocation of tasks. Critical Path Analysis (CPA) is discussed in the context of identifying the longest path of dependent activities, ensuring timely project delivery. The integration of international standards, particularly those from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the guidelines from the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBoK), provide a structured approach to project management, enhancing consistency and quality. The various project functions, including scope management, time management, cost management, quality management, and risk management, are detailed to underscore their collective impact on project success. The significance of project management is underscored by its ability to align projects with organizational goals, manage risks, ensure resource optimization, and deliver expected outcomes efficiently. By delving into these core aspects, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of why project management is pivotal in today’s dynamic and complex business environment. This study underscores the strategic importance of adopting robust project management practices and tools to achieve competitive advantage and drive organizational success. Methods. During this study was analyzed a lot of theoretical information and used the following methods like, comparison method, abstraction method, analysis and synthesis. Based on the analyzed categorical and conceptual apparatus of the main terms "project" and "project management" and the different approaches to forming these concepts, it can be concluded that there are currently many opinions and contradictions in the main terminological definitions. These inconsistencies persist despite project management elements being used since ancient times. The author attributes these problems to the lack of a stable theoretical and methodological base and the need to rapidly adapt processes and theories. This situation creates a certain chaos and leads to difficulties in establishing stable and universally recognized definitions of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the discipline of project management. The purpose of the article was to analyze and formulate the concept of project and project management and to provide information about the positive aspects of implementing this type of organizational management. The results of this analysis reveal that a more consistent and stable theoretical and methodological foundation is required for the discipline of project management. Standardized definitions and approaches are necessary to reduce chaos and improve the efficacy of project execution and management. The study highlights the strategic importance of adopting robust project management practices and tools to achieve competitive advantage and drive organizational success. The conclusions suggest that with a stable theoretical base and standardized methodologies, the discipline of project management can significantly enhance organizational performance by aligning projects with organizational goals, managing risks, optimizing resources, and delivering expected outcomes efficiently.