THE LEVEL OF SOCIETY COHESION AS A FACTOR IN ENSURING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS. ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

Abstract

Introduction. Social cohesion is an important prerequisite for sustainable development, as it determines the ability of society to cooperate, respond collectively to social and economic challenges, and maintain stability in periods of crisis. In the context of increasing socio-economic inequalities, institutional distrust, social polarization, and global instability, the issue of strengthening social cohesion becomes particularly relevant. The achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) depends not only on the availability of economic and institutional resources but also on the ability of citizens, public institutions, businesses, and civil society to interact effectively. Therefore, the study of the relationship between social cohesion and sustainable development is important for identifying effective approaches to ensuring long-term social and economic stability. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the role of social cohesion as a factor in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and to identify the main mechanisms and drivers that contribute to its formation. Particular attention is paid to the experience of European Union countries and the identification of approaches that can be applied in Ukraine, especially in the context of post-war recovery and the formation of a more inclusive and resilient society. Methods. The research is based on the Social Cohesion Radar methodology developed by the Bertelsmann Stiftung, which provides a comprehensive approach to assessing the level of social cohesion. The study considers three main dimensions of social cohesion: social relations, connectedness, and focus on the common good. Comparative analysis was used to identify differences in the level of social cohesion among European countries. Statistical and index methods were applied to assess the relationship between social cohesion indicators and the results of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. A systemic approach was used to examine social cohesion as an interconnected set of institutional, economic, social, and civic factors, while a cause-and-effect approach was applied to determine the mechanisms through which social cohesion can influence sustainable development outcomes. Results. The comparative analysis demonstrates a positive relationship between a high level of social cohesion and better performance in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Countries characterized by higher levels of interpersonal and institutional trust, strong social networks, greater civic participation, and more inclusive institutions generally demonstrate more favorable social, economic, and environmental development outcomes. The analysis confirms that social cohesion contributes to social inclusion, reduces the risks associated with social polarization, strengthens institutional effectiveness, and increases society’s capacity to respond to crises. The main factors supporting social cohesion include public trust, reduction of socio-economic inequalities, equal access to social opportunities, inclusiveness, civic participation, and effective cooperation between public authorities, businesses, and civil society. The international experience analyzed in the article demonstrates that social cohesion should be treated not only as a social outcome but also as an important resource for sustainable development. Conclusion. Social cohesion is a significant factor in ensuring sustainable development and long-term societal stability. Based on the analyzed international experience, the author proposes strengthening institutional trust through transparent and accountable public governance, expanding opportunities for citizen participation in decision-making, reducing socio-economic disparities, and developing mechanisms for cooperation between the state, business, and civil society. For Ukraine, these measures are particularly important during post-war reconstruction. It is proposed to integrate social cohesion indicators into national and regional sustainable development strategies, support local communities and civic initiatives, promote inclusive public policies, and strengthen mechanisms of social dialogue. Such measures can contribute to increasing the resilience of Ukrainian society, improving the effectiveness of public institutions, and creating favorable conditions for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.