MODERN APPROACHES TO ACCOUNTING AND ANALYSIS OF THE COST OF FINISHED PRODUCTS

Abstract

Introduction. The article comprehensively examines the organization and maintenance of accounting for production inventories at Ukrainian enterprises under modern economic conditions, with an emphasis on the challenges posed by the state of war. Purpose. The main purpose of the article is to examine the organization and maintenance of production inventory accounting at Ukrainian enterprises under martial law in order to improve the reliability of accounting information and reduce accounting risks. The article aims to substantiate practical recommendations for improving inventory valuation, documentation, and control to support effective management and ensure the financial stability of enterprises. Methods. Methods for valuing disposals are detailed: specific identification, weighted average cost, FIFO, normative costs, and selling price, with the requirement to fix the chosen method in the accounting policy. Results. Special attention is paid to document flow. Receipts from suppliers, contributions to authorized capital, exchanges, or own production are documented using waybills, receipt orders, acceptance certificates, and internal transfer requisitions. Disposals for production or sales are recorded with limit-fence cards and material release requisitions. Accounting is distributed among three divisions: the accounting department (synthetic/analytical for reporting), the warehouse (operational tracking), and the sales department (realization). It is recommended to structure warehouse accounting by sections, batches, and groups using material labels and cards by nomenclature numbers. During wartime, risks of inaccuracies increase due to air raid alerts, shelling, and logistical disruptions. To minimize them, optimization of document flow, simplification of forms, electronic exchange, and regular inventories with arithmetic, formal, and cross-checks are proposed. Control prevents theft and ensures data accuracy. Сonclusions emphasize that effective inventory accounting improves utilization, reduces risks, ensures compliance with legislation, and supports informed management decisions. The proposed measures have practical value for large manufacturing enterprises and contribute to Ukraine’s economic stability in crisis conditions.