ACTIVITIES OF OMBUDSMEN IN UKRAINE AS GUARANTEES OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF HUMAN AND CITIZEN

Abstract

The paper is dedicated to issues on activities of ombudsmen in Ukraine as guarantees of Constitutional rights and freedoms of human and citizen. There is stressed, the institution of ombudsman has to be an effective mechanism of guarantees of rights and freedoms of human and citizen. Such new elements as Human Rights Ombudsman and “Digital” Ombudsman have to be included into this system. Patient Rights Ombudsman is a specialized ombudsman who deals with the issues of observance of the rights of a certain group of citizens – patients, or rights in a certain specific area – the field of health care. His or her aim is an activity for regulation of problems in national health care system on the base of complaints of injured patients. Other significant part of human and citizen rights guarantees system has to be ombudsman for defense of “digital” rights. It is necessary to make organizational and governmental unification and to reorder of ombudsmen administratively taking into account decentralization trend to improve activities of whole system of ombudsmen. The model of establishing Human Rights Protection Agency (administrative ombudsmen) as unified system of ombudsmen in the structure of State Executive Authorities looks the most appropriate. This Agency has to be headed by Main Ombudsman. Other special ombudsmen have to be included in the Agency. They are: Child Rights Ombudsman, Ombudsman for the Rights of Persons in places of restriction and imprisonment, Military Ombudsman (with the authority to conduct cases of prisoners of war and illegally detained captives, search, reburial and identification of combatants and other victims of war), Scientific Ombudsman, Educational Ombudsman, Ombudsman for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Health and Medicine Ombudsman, Business Ombudsman, “Digital” Rights Ombudsman, and others, whose positions are introduced in accordance with the need to ensure the effectiveness of public administration in the field of Human Rights.