ACCOUNTING AND INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR MANAGING INVESTMENT PROJECT FINANCING BASED ON PASSIVE ACCOUNT DATA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2786-8273/2026-14-16Keywords:
passive accounts, accounting and information support, investment project financing, financing sources, financial analysis, debt capacity, financial autonomy, financial stability, suitability of financing sources for investment purposesAbstract
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations of accounting and information support for managing investment project financing on the basis of data generated in passive accounts and to develop an approach to transforming such data into analytically relevant parameters for financing decisions. Methods. The study combines the provisions of accounting theory, financial analysis, financial stability, debt capacity, financial flexibility, and investment financing. The methods of scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, systematization, structural and logical analysis, and ratio analysis were applied. The methodological framework is based on a transition from the formal accounting recognition of equity, provisions, and liabilities to an assessment of their actual availability and suitability for financing a specific investment project. Results. It is established that the credit balance of a passive account cannot be automatically interpreted as the amount of financial resources available for new investment purposes. A three-stage accounting and information mechanism is developed, comprising the identification and selection stage, the assessment and constraint stage, and the project selection stage. This mechanism enables passive-account data to be transformed into a system of analytical parameters reflecting the actual availability, maturity, cost, functional restrictions, and risk characteristics of financing sources. A matrix matching financing sources with the parameters of an investment project is proposed. The system of indicators for assessing an enterprise’s financial capacity incorporates financial analysis indicators, financial autonomy, the cost of debt financing, and a debt capacity reserve. The latter reflects the potential amount of additional debt financing that may be raised without reducing the financial autonomy ratio below a predetermined target level. Scientific novelty. The scientific contribution lies in integrating the information architecture of passive accounts with analytical assessment of financing sources, debt capacity, financial flexibility, and the requirements of financing a specific investment project. The novelty does not consist in introducing debt capacity as a new financial category, but in formalizing its application within accounting and information support and linking it to the assessment of the actual availability and investment suitability of financing sources. Practical significance. The proposed approach can be used for the preliminary selection of financing sources, assessment of the permissible debt burden, comparison of alternative financing structures, monitoring compliance with financial constraints, and supporting decisions aimed at maintaining the financial stability of an enterprise during investment project implementation. Conclusions. Information generated in passive accounts acquires managerial relevance only after analytical transformation. The transition from the accounting recognition of a financing source to the assessment of its actual availability, maturity, cost, restrictions, and suitability for a specific investment project makes it possible to connect accounting data with forward-looking financing decisions. This provides a more substantiated basis for forming and monitoring the financing structure of investment projects.
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